Batteries can be manufactured without lithium. In addition to lithium batteries, there are other types of batteries that can be manufactured using non lithium materials. For example, lead-acid batteries are a type of battery that does not use lithium materials. The main components of lead-acid batteries include lead compounds and sulfuric acid, which have the advantages of abundant raw materials, low cost, and high recovery rate. In addition, the positive electrode material of solid-state batteries may not use lithium, but the negative electrode material usually requires the use of lithium metal or lithium alloy materials.
Principles and characteristics of solid-state batteries
Solid state batteries are a new type of battery technology with the following characteristics:
High safety: The electrolyte in solid-state batteries is less prone to leakage and has higher safety.
High energy density: The energy density of solid-state batteries is approximately two to three times that of traditional liquid batteries.
Long lifespan: Solid state batteries have a longer lifespan, possibly reaching several decades.
Wide temperature range: Solid state batteries can operate in extreme high and low temperature environments.
Material selection for solid-state batteries
The electrolyte of solid-state batteries usually uses inorganic solid materials such as lithium oxide, lithium phosphate, etc. Positive electrode materials can be selected from sulfides, oxides, borates, etc., while negative electrode materials mostly still use lithium metal or lithium alloy materials. In addition, some solid-state batteries use silicon material instead of lithium material as the negative electrode because silicon has higher specific capacity and better cycling stability.
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